Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / Selection Examinations for the IMO /26 of 37

Selection Examinations for the IMO, 2015

Geometry Difficulty 8.5 Shortlist Prove it Slovenia

Let DD and EE be points on the sides BCBC and CACA of the triangle ABCABC respectively. The circumcircle of the triangle CDECDE and the line through CC, which is parallel to ABAB, intersect again in a point LL. The line DLDL intersects the side ABAB in a point MM. Denote by NN the point on the line ABAB such that ∠NDA=∠MEB\angle NDA = \angle MEB and the point AA lies between the points NN and BB. Let TT be the intersection of the lines ADAD and BEBE. Assuming ∣DM∣=∣EN∣|DM| = |EN|, prove that CTCT is the angle bisector of ∠ACB\angle ACB.

Solution

Denote the intersection of the lines CTCT and ABAB by UU. We want to prove that
∣AU∣∣UB∣=∣AC∣∣CB∣,(2) \frac{|AU|}{|UB|} = \frac{|AC|}{|CB|}, \qquad (2)
since it will follow that CTCT is the angle bisector of ∠ACB\angle ACB.

Since the points C,E,DC, E, D, and LL are concyclic, and the lines ABAB and CLCL are parallel, we have ∠AED=π−∠DEC=∠CLD=π−∠DMA\angle AED = \pi - \angle DEC = \angle CLD = \pi - \angle DMA. Thus the points A,M,DA, M, D, and EE are concyclic.
Moreover, we have ∠EDN=∠EDA−∠NDA=∠EMA−∠MEB=π−∠BME=\angle EDN = \angle EDA - \angle NDA = \angle EMA - \angle MEB = \pi - \angle BME =

≺MEB=≺EBN\prec MEB = \prec EBN. Hence the points N,B,DN, B, D, and EE are also concyclic.
This gives ≺NED=π−≺DBN=π−≺DCL=π−≺DEL\prec NED = \pi - \prec DBN = \pi - \prec DCL = \pi - \prec DEL. Hence the points N,EN, E, and LL are collinear.

Since the lines ABAB and CLCL are parallel the triangles MBDMBD and LCDLCD have the same angles. Therefore they are similar and we have
∣MD∣∣BD∣=∣DL∣∣DC∣.(3) \frac{|MD|}{|BD|} = \frac{|DL|}{|DC|}. \qquad (3)
For the same reason the triangles NAENAE and LCELCE also have the same angles. Therefore they are similar and we have
∣NE∣∣AE∣=∣EL∣∣EC∣.(4) \frac{|NE|}{|AE|} = \frac{|EL|}{|EC|}. \qquad (4)
Since the lines AD,BEAD, BE, and CUCU intersect in the same point the Ceva's theorem gives
∣AU∣∣UB∣∣BD∣∣DC∣∣CE∣∣EA∣=1. \frac{|AU|}{|UB|} \frac{|BD|}{|DC|} \frac{|CE|}{|EA|} = 1.
We also have ≺ACB=≺ECD=≺ELD\prec ACB = \prec ECD = \prec ELD and ≺DEL=≺DCL=≺CBA\prec DEL = \prec DCL = \prec CBA. Therefore the triangles ABCABC and DELDEL are similar and we get
∣LE∣∣DL∣=∣CB∣∣AC∣. \frac{|LE|}{|DL|} = \frac{|CB|}{|AC|}.
Inserting (3) and (4) into the Ceva's theorem equation we get
∣AU∣∣UB∣∣LE∣∣DL∣=1.(5) \frac{|AU|}{|UB|} \frac{|LE|}{|DL|} = 1. \qquad (5)
Inserting this into (5) we get exactly (2) which we set out to prove. Therefore the line CTCT is indeed the angle bisector of ≺ACB\prec ACB.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,604 problems in a working order, from Junior Challenge level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.