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Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Vietnam

Let ABCABC be an acute, non-isosceles triangle with (O)(O) as its circumcircle. Denote HH as the orthocenter and BEBE, CFCF as the altitudes of triangle ABCABC. Suppose that AHAH intersects (O)(O) at DD different from AA.

1.
Let II be the midpoint of AHAH, EIEI meets BDBD at MM and FIFI meets CDCD at NN. Prove that MNMN is perpendicular to OHOH.

2.
The lines DEDE, DFDF intersect (O)(O) at PP, QQ respectively (PP and QQ are different from DD). The circle (AEF)(AEF) intersects (O)(O) and AOAO at RR, SS respectively (RR and SS are different from AA). Prove that BPBP, CQCQ, RSRS are concurrent.

Solution

1) Denote JJ as the center of the nine-point circle of triangle ABCABC, then (J)(J) passes through EE, II, FF and point JJ is also the midpoint of segment OHOH. It is easy to see that DD and HH are symmetric with respect to the line BCBC, then triangle BDHBDH is isosceles with BD=BHBD = BH. Since triangle IEHIEH has IE=IHIE = IH then

IEH=IHE=BHD=BDH, \angle IEH = \angle IHE = \angle BHD = \angle BDH,
which implies that BDEIBDEI is a cyclic quadrilateral. But DBDB cuts EIEI at MM then
MEMI=MBMD. \overline{ME} \cdot \overline{MI} = \overline{MB} \cdot \overline{MD}.

Figure 1

Thus the power of point MM to circles (J)(J) and (O)(O) are equal. Similarly, the power of point NN to circles (J)(J) and (O)(O) are also equal. So we can conclude that MNMN is the radical axis of (O)(O) and (J)(J), thus MNOJMN \perp OJ. But OO, HH, JJ are collinear then MNOHMN \perp OH.

2) Let XX be the midpoint of EFEF and KK be the intersection of AHAH and BCBC. It is easy to see that two triangles BFEBFE and KHEKHE are similar, which implies that two triangles BFXBFX and DHEDHE are also similar, thus FBX=HDE=FBP\angle FBX = \angle HDE = \angle FBP. Then three points BB, XX, PP are collinear; similar to three points CC, XX, QQ.

Figure 2

Denote ALAL as the diameter of circle (O)(O) then we can see that SHSH passes through LL and quadrilateral HBLCHBLC is a parallelogram, which implies that HLHL passes through the midpoint MM of BCBC. It is easy to check that two triangles SECSEC and SFBSFB are similar then two triangles SEFSEF and SCBSCB are also similar. These triangles have the medians SXSX and SMSM respectively then FSX=BSM\angle FSX = \angle BSM. We also have two triangles SFBSFB and SRLSRL are similar then two triangles SFRSFR and SBLSBL are also similar. Thus
FSR=BSL=BSM=FSX. \angle FSR = \angle BSL = \angle BSM = \angle FSX.
From this we can conclude that three points SS, XX, RR are collinear or SRSR passes through XX. Therefore, three lines BPBP, CQCQ and RSRS are concurrent at the midpoint XX of the segment EFEF.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.