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Algebra Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it Vietnam

Let aa, bb and cc be non-negative real numbers. Prove that
3(a2+b2+c2)(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)+(ab)2+(bc)2+(ca)2(a+b+c)2. 3(a^2 + b^2 + c^2) \ge (a+b+c)(\sqrt{ab} + \sqrt{bc} + \sqrt{ca}) + (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2 \ge (a+b+c)^2.

Solution

It is well-known that ab+bc+caabc0\sqrt{ab} + \sqrt{bc} + \sqrt{ca} - a - b - c \le 0, then we have
(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)+(ab)2+(bc)2+(ca)2=(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)+3(a2+b2+c2)(a+b+c)2=(a+b+c)(ab+bc+caabc)+3(a2+b2+c2)3(a2+b2+c2). \begin{aligned} & (a+b+c)(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}) + (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2 \\ = & (a+b+c)(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}) + 3(a^2+b^2+c^2) - (a+b+c)^2 \\ = & (a+b+c)(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}-a-b-c) + 3(a^2+b^2+c^2) \\ \le & 3(a^2+b^2+c^2). \end{aligned}
To prove the other inequality, let a=x2a = x^2, b=y2b = y^2, c=z2c = z^2 where x,y,z>0x, y, z > 0. The inequality can be rewritten as
(x2+y2+z2)(xy+yz+zx)+x44(x2y2+y2z2+z2x2) (x^2 + y^2 + z^2)(xy + yz + zx) + \sum x^4 \ge 4(x^2y^2 + y^2z^2 + z^2x^2)
which is equivalent to
x4+xyzx+xy(x2+y2)4x2y2.(1) \sum x^4 + xyz \sum x + \sum xy(x^2 + y^2) \ge 4 \sum x^2 y^2. \quad (1)
By Schur's inequality, we have
x2(xy)(xz)0 \sum x^2(x-y)(x-z) \geq 0
hence
x4+xyzxxy(x2+y2).(2) \sum x^4 + xyz \sum x \geq \sum xy(x^2 + y^2). \quad (2)
Note that by Cauchy's inequality,
xy(x2+y2)2x2y2,(3) \sum xy(x^2 + y^2) \geq \sum 2x^2y^2, \quad (3)
then the result is followed from (1), (2) and (3). \Box

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