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Macedonian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 4.9 AIME Prove it North Macedonia

Let AHA,BHB,CHCAH_A, BH_B, CH_C be the heights in △ABC\triangle ABC. We draw perpendiculars pA,pB,pCp_A, p_B, p_C through the vertices A,B,CA, B, C to HBHC,HCHA,HAHBH_B H_C, H_C H_A, H_A H_B, respectively. Prove that pA,pB,pCp_A, p_B, p_C pass through the same point.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Let OO be the center of the circumscribed circle around △ABC\triangle ABC. We will show that each of the lines pA,pB,pCp_A, p_B, p_C passes through OO.

Because of symmetry, it is enough to show that OC⊥HAHBOC \perp H_A H_B.

Let DD be the point of intersection of these two lines. We restrict ourselves to the case where △ABC\triangle ABC is acute (since in the case of △ABC\triangle ABC being obtuse the argument is analogous). It is enough to use the fact that ∠HACD=∠BCO=90∘−α\angle H_A CD = \angle BCO = 90^\circ - \alpha and ∠DHAC=∠HBHAC=α\angle DH_A C = \angle H_B H_A C = \alpha (the last equality follows from the fact that ABHAHBABH_A H_B is inscribed).

Solution 2

According to Carnot's theorem, it is sufficient (and necessary) to show that
∣AHB∣2−∣AHC∣2+∣BHC∣2−∣BHA∣2+∣CHA∣2−∣CHB∣2=0. |AH_B|^2 - |AH_C|^2 + |BH_C|^2 - |BH_A|^2 + |CH_A|^2 - |CH_B|^2 = 0.
For that purpose, it is sufficient to sum the obvious equalities: ∣BHC∣2−∣AHC∣2=∣BC∣2−∣AC∣2|BH_C|^2 - |AH_C|^2 = |BC|^2 - |AC|^2, ∣CHA∣2−∣BHA∣2=∣AC∣2−∣AB∣2|CH_A|^2 - |BH_A|^2 = |AC|^2 - |AB|^2, and ∣AHB∣2−∣CHB∣2=∣AB∣2−∣BC∣2|AH_B|^2 - |CH_B|^2 = |AB|^2 - |BC|^2.

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