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Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament

Geometry Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:
Let ABCDABCD be a quadrilateral with an inscribed circle centered at II. Let CICI intersect ABAB at EE. If ∠IDE=35∘\angle IDE = 35^{\circ}, ∠ABC=70∘\angle ABC = 70^{\circ}, and ∠BCD=60∘\angle BCD = 60^{\circ}, then what are all possible measures of ∠CDA\angle CDA?

Solution

Solution:
Arbitrarily defining BB and CC determines II and EE up to reflections across BCBC. DD lies on both the circle determined by ∠EDI=35∘\angle EDI = 35^{\circ} and the line through CC tangent to the circle (and on the opposite side of BB); since the intersection of a line and a circle has at most two points, there are only two cases for ABCDABCD. The diagram below on the left shows the construction made in this solution, containing both cases. The diagram below on the right shows only the degenerate case.

Figure 1

Reflect BB across ECEC to B′B', then CB=CB′CB = CB'. Since BABA and BCBC are tangent to the circle centered at II, IBIB is the angle bisector of ∠ABC\angle ABC. Then ∠IBE=∠IB′E=35∘\angle IBE = \angle IB'E = 35^{\circ}. If B′=DB' = D, then ∠ADC=∠EB′C=70∘\angle ADC = \angle EB'C = 70^{\circ}. Otherwise, since ∠IB′E=35∘=∠IDE\angle IB'E = 35^{\circ} = \angle IDE (given), EB′DIEB'DI is a cyclic quadrilateral. Then ∠IED=∠IB′D=35∘\angle IED = \angle IB'D = 35^{\circ} and ∠BCI=∠ECD=30∘\angle BCI = \angle ECD = 30^{\circ}, so △CED∼△CBI\triangle CED \sim \triangle CBI.
Since ∠CID\angle CID is exterior to △DIE\triangle DIE, ∠CID=∠IDE+∠DEI=70∘\angle CID = \angle IDE + \angle DEI = 70^{\circ}. Then △CDI∼△CEB\triangle CDI \sim \triangle CEB. Because EB′DIEB'DI is cyclic, ∠IDC=∠IEB′=∠IEB=180∘−70∘−30∘=80∘\angle IDC = \angle IEB' = \angle IEB = 180^{\circ} - 70^{\circ} - 30^{\circ} = 80^{\circ}. Then ∠ADC=2∠IDC=160∘\angle ADC = 2 \angle IDC = 160^{\circ}.

Thus, the two possible measures are 70∘70^{\circ} and 160∘160^{\circ}.

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