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Geometry Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Triangle ABCA B C has AB=5A B=5, BC=7B C=7, and CA=8C A=8. New lines not containing but parallel to ABA B, BCB C, and CAC A are drawn tangent to the incircle of ABCA B C. What is the area of the hexagon formed by the sides of the original triangle and the newly drawn lines?

Solution

Solution:

Answer: 3153\frac{31}{5} \sqrt{3}

Figure 1

From the law of cosines we compute A=cos1(52+82722(5)(8))=60\measuredangle A=\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{5^{2}+8^{2}-7^{2}}{2(5)(8)}\right)=60^{\circ}. Using brackets to denote the area of a region, we find that
[ABC]=12ABACsin60=103 [ABC]=\frac{1}{2} AB \cdot AC \cdot \sin 60^{\circ}=10 \sqrt{3}
The radius of the incircle can be computed by the formula
r=2[ABC]AB+BC+CA=20320=3 r=\frac{2[ABC]}{AB+BC+CA}=\frac{20 \sqrt{3}}{20}=\sqrt{3}
Now the height from AA to BCBC is 2[ABC]BC=2037\frac{2[ABC]}{BC}=\frac{20 \sqrt{3}}{7}. Then the height from AA to DEDE is 20372r=637\frac{20 \sqrt{3}}{7}-2r=\frac{6 \sqrt{3}}{7}. Then [ADE]=(63/7203/7)2[ABC]=9100[ABC][ADE]=\left(\frac{6 \sqrt{3} / 7}{20 \sqrt{3} / 7}\right)^{2}[ABC]=\frac{9}{100}[ABC]. Here, we use the fact that ABC\triangle ABC and ADE\triangle ADE are similar.

Similarly, we compute that the height from BB to CACA is 2[ABC]CA=2038=532\frac{2[ABC]}{CA}=\frac{20 \sqrt{3}}{8}=\frac{5 \sqrt{3}}{2}. Then the height from BB to HJHJ is 5322r=32\frac{5 \sqrt{3}}{2}-2r=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}. Then [BHJ]=(3/253/2)2[ABC]=125[ABC][BHJ]=\left(\frac{\sqrt{3} / 2}{5 \sqrt{3} / 2}\right)^{2}[ABC]=\frac{1}{25}[ABC].

Finally, we compute that the height from CC to ABAB is 2[ABC]5=2035=43\frac{2[ABC]}{5}=\frac{20 \sqrt{3}}{5}=4 \sqrt{3}. Then the height from CC to FGFG is 432r=234 \sqrt{3}-2r=2 \sqrt{3}. Then [CFG]=(2343)2[ABC]=14[ABC][CFG]=\left(\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{4 \sqrt{3}}\right)^{2}[ABC]=\frac{1}{4}[ABC].

Finally we can compute the area of hexagon DEFGHJDEFGHJ. We have
[DEFGHJ]=[ABC][ADE][BHJ][CFG]=[ABC](1910012514)=[ABC](3150)=103(3150)=3153. \begin{gathered} [DEFGHJ]=[ABC]-[ADE]-[BHJ]-[CFG]=[ABC]\left(1-\frac{9}{100}-\frac{1}{25}-\frac{1}{4}\right)=[ABC]\left(\frac{31}{50}\right)= \\ 10 \sqrt{3}\left(\frac{31}{50}\right)=\frac{31}{5} \sqrt{3} . \end{gathered}

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.