Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /2 of 4

, 2010

Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it Romania

Given a triangle ABCABC, let DD be the point where the incircle of the triangle ABCABC touches the side BCBC. A circle through the vertices BB and CC is tangent at point EE to the incircle of the triangle ABCABC. Show that the line DEDE passes through the excentre of the triangle ABCABC corresponding to the vertex AA.

Solution

Figure 1

Let II be the incentre of the triangle ABCABC, let IAI_A be the excentre corresponding to the vertex AA, and notice that the vertices BB and CC both lie on the circle of diameter IIAII_A. The line DIADI_A meets again the latter circle at point KK, and the lines BCBC and IKIK meet at point LL (unless AB=ACAB = AC in which case the conclusion is obvious). Notice that the line BCBC is the radical axis of the circles BECBEC and BICBIC to deduce that LBLC=LILKLB \cdot LC = LI \cdot LK. On the other hand, LILK=LD2LI \cdot LK = LD^2, for KK is the perpendicular foot dropped from the right-angled vertex DD of the triangle DILDIL. Consequently, the point LL is the radical centre of the following three circles: the incircle of the triangle ABCABC, the circle BECBEC, and the circle BICBIC. Since the common tangent at EE of the first two circles is their radical axis, it must pass through LL. It follows that EE is the reflection of DD across the line ILIL, so the lines DEDE and ILIL are perpendicular and we are done.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.