Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /1272 of 1394

, 2024

Geometry Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Suppose point PP is inside quadrilateral ABCDA B C D such that
PAB=PDAPAD=PDC,PBA=PCB, and PBC=PCD \begin{aligned} & \angle P A B = \angle P D A \\ & \angle P A D = \angle P D C, \\ & \angle P B A = \angle P C B, \text{ and } \\ & \angle P B C = \angle P C D \end{aligned}

If PA=4P A = 4, PB=5P B = 5, and PC=10P C = 10, compute the perimeter of ABCDA B C D.

Solution

Solution:

Figure 1

First of all, note that the angle conditions imply that BAD+ABC=180\angle B A D + \angle A B C = 180^{\circ}, so the quadrilateral is a trapezoid with ADBCA D \parallel B C. Moreover, they imply ABA B and CDC D are both tangent to (PAD)(P A D) and (PBC)(P B C); in particular AB=CDA B = C D or ABCDA B C D is isosceles trapezoid. Since the midpoints of ADA D and BCB C clearly lie on the radical axis of the two circles, PP is on the midline of the trapezoid.

Reflect PAB\triangle P A B over the midline and translate it so that D=BD = B' and C=AC = A'. Note that PP' is still on the midline. The angle conditions now imply PDPCP D P' C is cyclic, and PPP P' bisects CDC D. This means 104=PCCP=PDDP=5PD10 \cdot 4 = P C \cdot C P' = P D \cdot D P' = 5 \cdot P D, so PD=8P D = 8.

Now PDPCP D P' C is a cyclic quadrilateral with side lengths 10,8,5,410, 8, 5, 4 in that order. Using standard cyclic quadrilateral facts (either law of cosines or three applications on Ptolemy on the three possible quadrilaterals formed with these side lengths) we get CD=24105C D = \frac{2 \sqrt{410}}{5} and PP=4102P P' = \frac{\sqrt{410}}{2}. Finally, note that PPP P' is equal to the midline of the trapezoid, so the final answer is
2CD+2PP=94105 2 \cdot C D + 2 \cdot P P' = \frac{9 \sqrt{410}}{5}

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.