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Geometry Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Prove it JBMO

Problem:

Let ABCDABCD be a parallelogram, PP a point on CDCD, and QQ a point on ABAB. Let also M=APDQM = AP \cap DQ, N=BPCQN = BP \cap CQ, K=MNADK = MN \cap AD, and L=MNBCL = MN \cap BC. Show that BL=DKBL = DK.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Solution:

Let OO be the intersection of the diagonals. Let P1P_1 be on ABAB such that PP1ADPP_1 \parallel AD, and let Q1Q_1 be on CDCD such that QQ1ADQQ_1 \parallel AD. Let σ\sigma be the central symmetry with center OO. Let P=σ(P)P' = \sigma(P), Q=σ(Q)Q' = \sigma(Q), P1=σ(P1)P_1' = \sigma(P_1).

Let M1=AQ1DP1M_1 = AQ_1 \cap DP_1, N1=BQ1CP1N_1 = BQ_1 \cap CP_1, N=AQDPN' = AQ' \cap DP', and M=BQCPM' = BQ' \cap CP'. Then: M=σ(M)M' = \sigma(M), N=σ(N)N' = \sigma(N), M1=σ(M1)M_1' = \sigma(M_1), and N1=σ(N1)N_1' = \sigma(N_1).

Since APAP and DP1DP_1 are the diagonals of the parallelogram AP1PDAP_1PD, CP1CP_1 and BPBP are the diagonals of the parallelogram P1BCPP_1BCP, and AQ1AQ_1 and DODO are the diagonals of the parallelogram AQQ1DAQQ_1D, it follows that the points U,V,WU, V, W (figure 2) are collinear and they lie on the line passing through the midpoints RR of ADAD and ZZ of BCBC. The diagonals AMAM and DM1DM_1 of the quadrilateral AM1MDAM_1MD intersect at UU and the diagonals AM1AM_1 and DMDM intersect at WW. Since the midpoint of ADAD is on the line UWUW, it follows that the quadrilateral AM1MDAM_1MD is a trapezoid. Hence, MM1MM_1 is parallel to ADAD and the midpoint SS of MM1MM_1 lies on the line UWUW (figure 2).

Figure 1
Figure 11

Similarly MM1M'M_1' is parallel to ADAD and its midpoint lies on UWUW. So M1MM1MM_1M'M_1'M is a parallelogram whose diagonals intersect at OO.

Similarly, N1NN1NN_1'N N_1N' is a parallelogram whose diagonals intersect at OO.

All these imply that M,N,M,NM, N, M', N' and OO are collinear, i.e. OO lies on the line KLKL. This implies that K=σ(L)K = \sigma(L), and since D=σ(B)D = \sigma(B), the conclusion follows.

Figure 2
Figure 12

Solution 2

Solution:

Let the line ε\varepsilon through the points M,NM, N intersect the lines DC,ABDC, AB at points T1,T2T_1, T_2 respectively. Applying Menelaus' Theorem to the triangles DQCDQC, APBAPB with intersecting line ε\varepsilon in both cases we get:

MDMQNQNCT1CT1D=1andMPMANBNPT2AT2B=1 \frac{MD}{MQ} \cdot \frac{NQ}{NC} \cdot \frac{T_1C}{T_1D} = 1 \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{MP}{MA} \cdot \frac{NB}{NP} \cdot \frac{T_2A}{T_2B} = 1

But it is true that MDMQ=MPMA\frac{MD}{MQ} = \frac{MP}{MA} and NQNC=NBNP\frac{NQ}{NC} = \frac{NB}{NP}.

It follows that T1CT1D=T2AT2B\frac{T_1C}{T_1D} = \frac{T_2A}{T_2B}, i.e. T1D+DCT1D=T2B+BAT2B\frac{T_1D + DC}{T_1D} = \frac{T_2B + BA}{T_2B}, hence T1D=T2BT_1D = T_2B (since DC=BADC = BA).

Then of course by the similarity of the triangles T1DKT_1DK and T2BLT_2BL we get the desired equality DK=BLDK = BL.

Figure 3
Figure 13

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