Two evenly matched teams are engaged in a series of games, which ends as soon as a team wins four games. Is it more likely for the series to end in exactly six games or in exactly seven games?
, 2011
Solution
Let the two teams be and , and represent each possible series as a bit string, where a represents a win by team and a a win by team . Let be the set of all possible bit strings. We need to determine whether there are more bit strings of length or length in . For each bit string , the bit string obtained from by interchanging and is also in , so we may restrict our attention to bit strings ending in a .
The number of bit strings of length is equal to (exactly of the first bits must be a for to win the tournament in the sixth game), while the number of bit strings of length is equal to . Since , we conclude that the tournament is more likely to end in exactly games.
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