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Combinatorics Difficulty 6.0 National olympiad Prove it Ukraine

Given a foundation that is in form of a square 4×44 \times 4, that is divided into smaller 1×11 \times 1 squares. There is a gap of length 11 between any two adjacent squares. The foundation is covered with several layers of bricks of size 2×12 \times 1. Every layer consists of 88 bricks and each brick fully covers exactly one gap of length 11. Such cover is called *strong*, if every gap is covered by a brick at least in one of the layers. What is the minimum amount of layers that make a strong cover?
(Bogdan Rublyov)

Solution

Consider a square AA of size 1×11 \times 1, that does not touch the borders of 4×44 \times 4. All 44 sides of it have to be covered by bricks. Moreover, these bricks have to be different for different
Figure 1
Fig. 16
sides, since one half of each brick covers the square AA. Thus, there have to be at least 44 layers in order for cover to be strong. It suffices to show that it is possible to have a strong cover with 44 layers (Fig. 16).

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