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Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Points AA, CC, and BB lie on a line in that order such that AC=4AC = 4 and BC=2BC = 2. Circles ω1\omega_{1}, ω2\omega_{2}, and ω3\omega_{3} have BC\overline{BC}, AC\overline{AC}, and AB\overline{AB} as diameters. Circle Γ\Gamma is externally tangent to ω1\omega_{1} and ω2\omega_{2} at DD and EE respectively, and is internally tangent to ω3\omega_{3}. Compute the circumradius of triangle CDECDE.

Solution

Solution:

Let the center of ωi\omega_{i} be OiO_{i} for i=1,2,3i=1,2,3 and let OO denote the center of Γ\Gamma. Then OO, DD, and O1O_{1} are collinear, as are OO, EE, and O2O_{2}. Denote by FF the point of tangency between Γ\Gamma and ω3\omega_{3}; then FF, OO, and O3O_{3} are collinear. Writing rr for the radius of Γ\Gamma we have OO1=r+2OO_{1} = r + 2, OO2=r+1OO_{2} = r + 1, OO3=3rOO_{3} = 3 - r. Now since O1O3=1O_{1}O_{3} = 1 and O3O2=2O_{3}O_{2} = 2, we apply Stewart's theorem:
OO12O2O3+OO22O1O3=OO32O1O2+O1O3O3O2O1O22(r+2)2+(r+1)2=3(3r)2+123 \begin{aligned} OO_{1}^{2} \cdot O_{2}O_{3} + OO_{2}^{2} \cdot O_{1}O_{3} & = OO_{3}^{2} \cdot O_{1}O_{2} + O_{1}O_{3} \cdot O_{3}O_{2} \cdot O_{1}O_{2} \\ 2(r+2)^{2} + (r+1)^{2} & = 3(3-r)^{2} + 1 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 \end{aligned}
We find r=67r = \frac{6}{7}. Now the key observation is that the circumcircle of triangle CDECDE is the incircle of triangle OO1O2OO_{1}O_{2}. We easily compute the sides of OO1O2OO_{1}O_{2} to be 137\frac{13}{7}, 207\frac{20}{7}, and 33. By Heron's formula, the area of OO1O2OO_{1}O_{2} is 187\frac{18}{7}, but the semiperimeter is 277\frac{27}{7}, so the desired radius is 23\frac{2}{3}.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.