Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it Bulgaria

Problem:

Let ABCABC be an isosceles triangle with AC=BCAC = BC and let kk be a circle with center CC and radius less than the altitude CHCH, HABH \in AB. Lines through AA and BB are tangent to kk at points PP and QQ lying on the same side of the line CHCH. Prove that the points PP, QQ and HH are collinear.

Solution

Solution:

First solution. Since CP=CQCP = CQ, CA=CBCA = CB and APC=BQC=90\angle APC = \angle BQC = 90^\circ, then APCBQC\triangle APC \cong BQC. Hence CAP=CBQ\angle CAP = \angle CBQ. Setting APBQ=TAP \cap BQ = T, it follows that the quadrilateral ABTCABTC is cyclic. Then BAC=QTC\angle BAC = \angle QTC and now TQC=AHC=90\angle TQC = \angle AHC = 90^\circ implies that QCT=ACH\angle QCT = \angle ACH. The equalities AHC=APC=CPT=CQT=90\angle AHC = \angle APC = \angle CPT = \angle CQT = 90^\circ show that AHPCAHPC and CPTQCPTQ are cyclic quadrilaterals. Thus APH=ACH\angle APH = \angle ACH and QPT=QCT\angle QPT = \angle QCT which means that APH=QPT\angle APH = \angle QPT. Hence the points HH, PP and QQ are collinear.

Figure 1

Second solution. Set S=HQkS = HQ \cap k. Since the quadrilateral BHCQBHCQ is cyclic, and the triangles ABCABC and CQSCQS are isosceles, it follows that BAC=ABC=HQC=CSQ\angle BAC = \angle ABC = \angle HQC = \angle CSQ. Then AHSCAHSC is a cyclic quadrilateral and therefore ASC=AHC=90\angle ASC = \angle AHC = 90^\circ. Hence S=PS = P, i.e., the points HH, PP and QQ are collinear.

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