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Algebra Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Prove it Greece

Let x,y,zx, y, z be positive real numbers. Prove that
cyclicxyxy+x2+y2cyclicx2x+z. \sum_{cyclic} \frac{xy}{xy + x^2 + y^2} \le \sum_{cyclic} \frac{x}{2x + z}.

Solution

Given inequality is equivalent to:
11+xy+yx+11+yz+zy+11+zx+xz12+zx+12+xy+12+yz. \frac{1}{1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}} \le \frac{1}{2+\frac{z}{x}}+\frac{1}{2+\frac{x}{y}}+\frac{1}{2+\frac{y}{z}}.
Now we can take substitution xy=a\frac{x}{y} = a, yz=b\frac{y}{z} = b, zx=cabc=1\frac{z}{x} = c \Rightarrow abc = 1, so our inequality becomes:

11+a+1a+11+b+1b+11+c+1c12+a+12+b+12+c. \frac{1}{1+a+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{1}{1+b+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{1}{1+c+\frac{1}{c}} \le \frac{1}{2+a}+\frac{1}{2+b}+\frac{1}{2+c}.
After some computations and also using abc=1abc = 1, this becomes equivalent to:
3(a+b+c)+3(ab+bc+ca)+(ab+bc+ca)(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)2+(ab+bc+ca)(a+b+c)+(a+b+c)212+4(a+b+c)+(ab+bc+ca)9+2(ab+bc+ca)+4(a+b+c). \frac{3(a+b+c)+3(ab+bc+ca)+(ab+bc+ca)(a+b+c)}{(ab+bc+ca)^2+(ab+bc+ca)(a+b+c)+(a+b+c)^2} \le \frac{12+4(a+b+c)+(ab+bc+ca)}{9+2(ab+bc+ca)+4(a+b+c)}.
Now, we take substitution a+b+c=Sa+b+c = S, ab+bc+ca=Pab+bc+ca = P and inequality becomes:
3S+3P+SPP2+PS+S212+4S+P9+2P+4SP3+4S3+3P2S+PS2+6P227S+27P+15PS() \frac{3S+3P+SP}{P^2+PS+S^2} \le \frac{12+4S+P}{9+2P+4S} \Leftrightarrow P^3+4S^3+3P^2S+PS^2+6P^2 \ge 27S+27P+15PS \quad (*)
It is not difficult to prove that S23PS^2 \ge 3P and also S3,P3S \ge 3, P \ge 3 (by AM \ge GM and abc=1abc = 1). Therefore:
4S3=4S2S12PS,PS2=SPS3PS,3P2S332S=27S,P3=P2P32P=9P,6P2=6PP63P=18P. \begin{aligned} 4S^3 &= 4S^2 \cdot S \ge 12PS, \quad PS^2 = S \cdot PS \ge 3PS, \quad 3P^2S \ge 3 \cdot 3^2 \cdot S = 27S, \\ P^3 &= P^2 \cdot P \ge 3^2 \cdot P = 9P, \quad 6P^2 = 6P \cdot P \ge 6 \cdot 3P = 18P. \end{aligned}
By summing these inequalities we found (*) to be true so our proof is finished. Equality is obviously achieved when
S2=3P=9a=b=c=1x=y=z. S^2 = 3P = 9 \Rightarrow a = b = c = 1 \Rightarrow x = y = z.

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