Determine all pairs of non-negative integers such that
Solution
The answer is .
For or , we obtain the impossible and . However, works with .
Now let . Clearly, , which implies , so we can write for some positive integer . The equation transforms into
and further simplifies to
For , the right-hand side is odd, but for , the left-hand side is even.
Therefore, we have no solutions for and .
Finally, if , then we have , which simplifies to .
This is impossible for .
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