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Number theory Difficulty 6.0 National Olympiad Prove it Ukraine

Positive integers from 11 to 100100 inclusive are written on the blackboard. Andrew wants to cross out some numbers in such a way, that the product of the remaining numbers is not divisible by 250250. What is the smallest number of numbers that he can cross?

Solution

Since 250=253250 = 2 \cdot 5^3, Andrew has to cross out from the product 121001 \cdot 2 \cdots 100 all numbers which are divisible by 55, except for two numbers that are not divisible by 2525 (for example, we can leave 55 and 1010). The resulting product satisfies the condition because it is not divisible by 53=1255^3 = 125. Meanwhile, Andrew crossed out 1818 numbers, because among the factors 1,2,,1001, 2, \ldots, 100 exactly 2020 are divisible by 55.

Let us assume that it is possible to cross out no more than 1717 numbers. Thus, among 2020 numbers that are divisible by 55, Andrew left at least three, then the product is divisible by 535^3. In order for the product not to be divisible by 250250, all factors must be odd. However, since 8383 numbers are left and only 5050 initial numbers were odd, at least one of the factors is even. Contradiction completes the proof.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.