Let z=reiθ, where r>0 and θ∈R. Then zˉ=re−iθ.
We have:
zzˉ+zˉz=reiθre−iθ+re−iθreiθ=e−2iθ+e2iθ=2cos(2θ)
We are told that 2cos(2θ) is a positive integer. The possible values for 2cos(2θ) are 1 and 2 (since 2cos(2θ)≤2 and must be a positive integer).
Case 1: 2cos(2θ)=2
Then cos(2θ)=1⟹2θ=2πk for some integer k, so θ=πk.
Thus, z=reiπk=r(−1)k. So z is a nonzero real number.
Case 2: 2cos(2θ)=1
Then cos(2θ)=21⟹2θ=±3π+2πk for some integer k.
So θ=±6π+πk.
Thus, z=rei(±6π+πk) for r>0 and integer k.
Therefore, all complex numbers z=0 such that z is a nonzero real number, or z has argument ±6π or ±67π (modulo 2π), i.e., z=reiθ where θ=πk or θ=±6π+πk for integer k and r>0.