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Geometry Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it Estonia

Let ABCABC be a triangle on the plane. The angle bisector from the vertex AA meets the side BCBC at PP, and the median from the vertex BB meets the side ACAC at MM. The lines ABAB and MPMP meet at the point KK. Prove that if PCBP=2\frac{|PC|}{|BP|} = 2, then APAP and CKCK are perpendicular.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Let KK' be a point on the ray ABAB, such that BB is the midpoint of the line segment AKAK' (Fig. 10). Then CBCB is the median of the triangle ACKACK'. As PP divides this line segment in the ratio 2:12:1, PP must be the centroid of the triangle ACKACK'. So, KMK'M, which is also a median of the triangle ACKACK', must pass through the point PP. Therefore, K=KK = K'. So, BB is the midpoint of the line segment AKAK. As APAP passes through the point PP, APAP is also a median of the triangle ACKACK. By the premises it is also an angle bisector. So, the triangle ACKACK is isosceles with AC=AK|AC| = |AK| and APAP is its height. Therefore, APCKAP \perp CK.

Figure 1
Fig. 10

Solution 2

As in solution 1, we show that BB is the midpoint of AKAK. So BMBM joins the midpoints of sides in the triangle ACKACK and therefore BMCKBM \parallel CK. And the angle bisector divides the opposite side in the same ratio as the corresponding sides, so ACAB=PCBP=2\frac{|AC|}{|AB|} = \frac{|PC|}{|BP|} = 2. As MM is the midpoint of ACAC, we have AB=AM|AB| = |AM|. An angle bisector, drawn from the vertex opposite the base in an isosceles triangle, is also the height in that triangle, giving APBMAP \perp BM. It follows that APCKAP \perp CK.

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