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Slovenia — National Math Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 6.9 National Olympiad Prove it Slovenia

Let O1O_1 be the centre of the circle K1K_1. Let K2K_2 be the circle centered at O2O_2 and passing through O1O_1. The circles K1K_1 and K2K_2 meet at AA and BB. The circle K1K_1 intersects the segment O1O2O_1O_2 at CC. The line BCBC intersects the circle K2K_2 at BB and DD. The line ADAD intersects the circle K1K_1 at AA and EE. Let FF be the midpoint of the segment AEAE. Prove that the lines O1AO_1A and O1DO_1D divide the angle CO1FCO_1F into three equal parts.

Solution

Write ∠ABD=α\angle ABD = \alpha. Since AO1BDAO_1BD is a cyclic quadrilateral, we have ∠AO1D=∠ABD=α\angle AO_1D = \angle ABD = \alpha. The central angle ∠AO1C\angle AO_1C in the circle K1K_1 is twice the size of the inscribed angle ∠ABC\angle ABC, so ∠AO1C=2α\angle AO_1C = 2\alpha.

Figure 1

∠DO1C=∠AO1C−∠AO1D=2α−α=α. \begin{aligned} \angle DO_1C &= \angle AO_1C - \angle AO_1D \\ &= 2\alpha - \alpha = \alpha. \end{aligned}
The segment ABAB is perpendicular to the segment O1O2O_1O_2 and the quadrilateral AO1BO2AO_1BO_2 is a deltoid. So,
∠ABO1=∠O1AB=π2−∠O2O1A=π2−∠AO1D−∠DO1C=π2−2α. \begin{aligned} \angle ABO_1 &= \angle O_1AB = \frac{\pi}{2} - \angle O_2O_1A \\ &= \frac{\pi}{2} - \angle AO_1D - \angle DO_1C = \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\alpha. \end{aligned}

Since AO1BDAO_1BD is a cyclic quadrilateral, we have ∠ADO1=∠ABO1=π2−2α\angle ADO_1 = \angle ABO_1 = \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\alpha. Since FF is the midpoint of the segment AEAE, we have ∠AFO1=π2\angle AFO_1 = \frac{\pi}{2}. This implies ∠FO1D=π2−∠FDO1=2α\angle FO_1D = \frac{\pi}{2} - \angle FDO_1 = 2\alpha and
∠AO1F=∠DO1F−∠DO1A=2α−α=α. \angle AO_1F = \angle DO_1F - \angle DO_1A = 2\alpha - \alpha = \alpha.
We have shown that ∠AO1F=α=∠AO1C=∠DO1C\angle AO_1F = \alpha = \angle AO_1C = \angle DO_1C, so the lines O1AO_1A and O1DO_1D divide the angle CO1FCO_1F into three equal parts.

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