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Geometry Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it Croatia

Let ABCABC be a triangle such that AB=4|AB| = 4, BC=7|BC| = 7, CA=5|CA| = 5, and let α=BAC\alpha = \angle BAC. Determine
sin6α2+cos6α2. sin^6 \frac{\alpha}{2} + \cos^6 \frac{\alpha}{2}.

Solution

By applying the cosine theorem we get
cosα=CA2+AB2BC22CAAB=25+1649254=15, \cos \alpha = \frac{|CA|^2 + |AB|^2 - |BC|^2}{2|CA| \cdot |AB|} = \frac{25 + 16 - 49}{2 \cdot 5 \cdot 4} = -\frac{1}{5},
and therefore

\begin{align*}
\sin^6 \frac{\alpha}{2} + \cos^6 \frac{\alpha}{2} &= \left(\sin^2 \frac{\alpha}{2} + \cos^2 \frac{\alpha}{2}\right) \left(\sin^4 \frac{\alpha}{2} - \sin^2 \frac{\alpha}{2} \cos^2 \frac{\alpha}{2} + \cos^4 \frac{\alpha}{2}\right) \\
&= \left(\sin^2 \frac{\alpha}{2} + \cos^2 \frac{\alpha}{2}\right)^2 - 3 \sin^2 \frac{\alpha}{2} \cos^2 \frac{\alpha}{2} \\
&= 1 - \frac{3}{4} \sin^2 \alpha \\
&= \frac{1}{4} + \frac{3}{4} \cos^2 \alpha \\
&= \frac{1}{4} + \frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{25} = \frac{7}{25}.
\end{align*}

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.