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Geometry Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Prove it Ireland

The incentre of triangle ABCABC is II, and HH is the foot of the perpendicular from II on ABAB. The perpendicular from HH on BCBC meets BCBC at EE, and it meets the bisector of ABC\angle ABC at DD. The perpendicular from AA on BCBC meets BCBC at FF. Prove that BAC=2EFD\angle BAC = 2\angle EFD.

Solution

Let GG on BCBC be the foot of the perpendicular from II on BCBC, then
IG=IH |IG| = |IH|
is the radius of the incircle of ABC\triangle ABC. Because AIAI is the angle bisector of the angle at AA, we have 2HAI=BAC2\angle HAI = \angle BAC.

Figure 1

Because BHBH and BGBG are tangent to the incircle of triangle ABCABC, we have
BG=BH |BG| = |BH|
Because DEDE is parallel to IGIG, the Intercept Theorem implies
BEBG=DEIG \frac{|BE|}{|BG|} = \frac{|DE|}{|IG|}
Because EHAFEH \parallel AF, the Intercept Theorem or the similarity of BEH\triangle BEH and BFA\triangle BFA implies
BEBH=EFHA \frac{|BE|}{|BH|} = \frac{|EF|}{|HA|}
Combining the above, we obtain
DEIH=DEIG=BEBG=BEBH=EFHA \frac{|DE|}{|IH|} = \frac{|DE|}{|IG|} = \frac{|BE|}{|BG|} = \frac{|BE|}{|BH|} = \frac{|EF|}{|HA|}
Because FED=90=AHI\angle FED = 90^\circ = \angle AHI, we see now that the triangles FEDFED and AHIAHI are similar. In particular, BAC=2HAI=2EFD\angle BAC = 2\angle HAI = 2\angle EFD.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.