Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / Greece — Selection Examination /5 of 61

Greece — Selection Examination

Algebra Difficulty 5.0 AIME Prove it Greece

If aa, bb, cc are positive real numbers, prove that:
1ab(b+1)(c+1)+1bc(c+1)(a+1)+1ca(a+1)(b+1)−3(1+abc)2 \frac{1}{ab(b+1)(c+1)} + \frac{1}{bc(c+1)(a+1)} + \frac{1}{ca(a+1)(b+1)} - \frac{3}{(1+abc)^2}

Solution

The inequality is equivalent to
c(a+1)+a(b+1)+b(c+1)abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)≥3(1+abc)2, \frac{c(a+1)+a(b+1)+b(c+1)}{abc(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)} \ge \frac{3}{(1+abc)^2},
or after simplifications to
(1+abc)2(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c)≥3abc(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+abc+1). (1+abc)^2(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c) \ge 3abc(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+abc+1).
We put m=a+b+cm = a+b+c, n=ab+bc+can = ab+bc+ca and x3=abcx^3 = abc, to obtain:
(m+n)(1+x3)2≥3x3(x3+m+n+1), (m+n)(1+x^3)^2 \ge 3x^3(x^3 + m+n+1),
or (m+n)(x6−x3+1)≥3x3(x3+1).(m+n)(x^6 - x^3 + 1) \ge 3x^3(x^3 + 1).
From the inequality of arithmetic–geometric mean we have m≥3xm \ge 3x and n≥3x2n \ge 3x^2, and so m+n≥3x(x+1)m+n \ge 3x(x+1). Therefore, it is enough to prove that
3x(x+1)(x6−x3+1)≥3x3(x+1)(x2−x+1)⇔x6−x3+1≥x2(x2−x+1)⇔x6−x4−x2+1≥0⇔x4(x2−1)−(x2−1)≥0⇔(x2−1)(x4−1)≥0⇔(x2+1)(x2−1)2≥0, \begin{aligned} & 3x(x+1)(x^6-x^3+1) \ge 3x^3(x+1)(x^2-x+1) \\ \Leftrightarrow & x^6-x^3+1 \ge x^2(x^2-x+1) \\ \Leftrightarrow & x^6-x^4-x^2+1 \ge 0 \Leftrightarrow x^4(x^2-1)-(x^2-1) \ge 0 \\ \Leftrightarrow & (x^2-1)(x^4-1) \ge 0 \Leftrightarrow (x^2+1)(x^2-1)^2 \ge 0, \end{aligned}
which is valid.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,604 problems in a working order, from Junior Challenge level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.