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Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National Olympiad Prove it Taiwan

Let ABCABC be a triangle with incenter II and circumcircle Ω\Omega. A point XX on Ω\Omega which is different from AA satisfies AI=XIAI = XI. The incircle of ABCABC touches sides ACAC and ABAB at points EE and FF, respectively. Let Ma,Mb,McM_a, M_b, M_c be the midpoints of sides BC,CA,ABBC, CA, AB, respectively. Let TT be the intersection point of the lines MbFM_bF and McEM_cE. Suppose that ATAT intersects Ω\Omega again at point SS.
Prove that X,Ma,S,TX, M_a, S, T are concyclic.

Solution

Let OO be the circumcenter of ABC\triangle ABC, JJ the intersection point of EFEF and OIOI, and LL the second intersection point of AJAJ with Ω\Omega (other than AA).

Claim. The five points O,Ma,X,J,LO, M_a, X, J, L are concyclic.

Proof. Since JOJO is the angle bisector of XJA\angle XJA and XO=LOXO = LO, it follows that J,L,O,XJ, L, O, X are concyclic. On the other hand, let MM be the midpoint of AXAX on OIOI, and let YY be a point on Ω\Omega such that XYBCXY \parallel BC. Then since A,F,I,M,EA, F, I, M, E are concyclic and AFIEAFIE is a harmonic quadrilateral, we know that
1=(F,E;A,I)M(F,E;MAEF,J)A(B,C;X,L)Y(B,C;BC,BCYL) -1 = (F, E; A, I) \stackrel{M}{\cong} (F, E; MA \cap EF, J) \stackrel{A}{\cong} (B, C; X, L) \stackrel{Y}{\cong} (B, C; \infty_{BC}, BC \cup YL)
Therefore Y,Ma,LY, M_a, L are collinear, that is, OMaOM_a is the angle bisector of KMaX\angle KM_aX, which means Ma,X,J,OM_a, X, J, O are concyclic, and hence the five points O,Ma,X,J,LO, M_a, X, J, L are concyclic. \square

Figure 1

Let NN be the midpoint of arc BCBC (not containing AA). By the Claim:
XJMa=XOMa=2XAN=2XAI=2(OI,ED), \angle XJM_a = \angle XOM_a = 2\angle XAN = 2\angle XAI = 2\angle (OI, ED),
and since AJAJ and XJXJ are symmetric with respect to OIOI, we have that AJAJ and MaJM_aJ are symmetric with respect to EFEF. Note that the midpoints of segments AT,MbMc,EFAT, M_bM_c, EF are collinear (the Newton line of the complete quadrilateral {CA,AB,EMc,FMb}\{CA, AB, EM_c, FM_b\}); applying a homothety centered at AA with ratio 22 shows that TMaTM_a passes through the reflection of AA with respect to EFEF, hence Ma,J,TM_a, J, T are collinear. Then by the Claim again:
TMaX=JMaX=JLX=ALX=ASX=TSX, \angle TM_aX = \angle JM_aX = \angle JLX = \angle ALX = \angle ASX = \angle TSX,
that is, X,Ma,S,TX, M_a, S, T are concyclic.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from en; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.