Answer: (ii) Three.
(i) 2=11+11 and 25=12+21 are good, thus 4=2+2 and 5=25+25 are sums of two good numbers. For n≥4, we can write n=2(k+2) or n=2k+5 with k≥0, thus n is a sum of good numbers.
(ii) 57 is the sum of three good numbers:
57=(152+521)+(2645+4526)+(920+209)=(275+752)+(625+256)+(115+151).
Now we show three is the minimum.
First suppose 57=ba+ab is good. We may assume (a,b)=1. We have a2+b2=57ab≡0(mod3) and thus a≡b≡0(mod3), and this contradicts (a,b)=1.
Now suppose 57=ba+ab+dc+cd with (a,b)=(c,d)=1. Since (a2+b2,ab)=(c2+d2,cd)=1 and
(a2+b2)(cd)+(c2+d2)(ab)=57(ab)(cd),
we have ab∣cd and cd∣ab. Thus ab=cd and a2+b2+c2+d2=57ab=57cd. Moreover, we have
(a−b)2+(c+d)2=(a+b)2+(c−d)2=a2+b2+c2+d2≡0(mod3).
It follows a≡b≡0(mod3), and this contradicts (a,b)=1. Hence at least three good numbers are needed to express 57 as their sum.