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NZMO Round One

Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it New Zealand

Problem:

Let ABCDEFABCDEF be a convex hexagon containing a point PP in its interior such that PABCPABC and PDEFPDEF are congruent rectangles with PA=BC=PD=EFPA = BC = PD = EF (and AB=PC=DE=PFAB = PC = DE = PF). Let ℓ\ell be the line through the midpoint of AFAF and the circumcentre of PCDPCD. Prove that ℓ\ell passes through PP.

Solution

Solution:

Let MM be the midpoint of AFAF and let OO be the circumcentre of triangle CPDCPD. Now construct QQ to be the point such that CPDQCPDQ is a parallelogram, and let RR be the centre of this parallelogram (i.e. RR is the intersection of PQPQ with CDCD, and also RR is the midpoint of PQPQ).

Figure 1

Note that QD=CP=FPQD = CP = FP and DP=PADP = PA and ∠QDP=180∘−∠DPC=∠FPA\angle QDP = 180^{\circ} - \angle DPC = \angle FPA. Therefore (by SAS) we have a pair of congruent triangles:
△QDP≅△FPA. \triangle QDP \cong \triangle FPA.
Therefore ∠MAP=∠RPD\angle MAP = \angle RPD and AF=PQAF = PQ. Thus AM=12AF=12PQ=PRAM = \frac{1}{2} AF = \frac{1}{2} PQ = PR. Therefore (by SAS) we have another pair of congruent triangles:
△MAP≅△RPD. \triangle MAP \cong \triangle RPD.
Therefore ∠APM=∠RDP\angle APM = \angle RDP. Let x=∠APMx = \angle APM so that ∠CDP=∠RDP=x\angle CDP = \angle RDP = x also.

Figure 2

Since the angle subtended at the circumcentre is double the angle subtended at the circumference, we get ∠COP=2x\angle COP = 2x (recall that OO is the circumcentre of △PCD\triangle PCD). Finally we get ∠OPC=90∘−x\angle OPC = 90^{\circ} - x because △COP\triangle COP is isosceles. Putting this all together, we get
∠OPM=∠OPC+∠CPA+∠APM=(90∘−x)+90∘+x=180∘. \angle OPM = \angle OPC + \angle CPA + \angle APM = (90^{\circ} - x) + 90^{\circ} + x = 180^{\circ}.
Therefore ∠OPM\angle OPM is a straight line.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.