Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 4.9 AIME Prove it JBMO

Problem:

Government of Greece wants to change the building. So they will move in building with square shape 2005×20052005 \times 2005. Only demand is that every room has exactly 2 doors and doors cannot lead outside the building. Is this possible? What about a building 2004×20052004 \times 2005 ?

Solution

Solution:

The key idea is to color the table 2005×20052005 \times 2005 in two colors, like chessboard. One door connects two adjacent squares, so they have different colors. We can count the number of doors in two ways. The number of doors is twice the number of white squares and it is also twice the number of black squares. This is, of course, impossible, because we have one more black square on the table. So, if nn is odd, we cannot achieve that every room has two doors.

For table 2004×20052004 \times 2005 this is possible, and one of many solutions is presented on the picture below.

Figure 1
Figure 14

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.