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Algebra Difficulty 7.6 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Bulgaria

Problem:
Prove that if xx, yy and aa are real numbers from the interval (0,1)(0,1), then
xy1xyxaya1xaya \frac{|x-y|}{1-x y} \leq \frac{\left|x^{a}-y^{a}\right|}{1-x^{a} y^{a}}

Solution

Solution:
We have to prove that
uqvq1(uv)qupvp1(uv)p \frac{u^{q}-v^{q}}{1-(u v)^{q}} \leq \frac{u^{p}-v^{p}}{1-(u v)^{p}}
for vuv \leq u and p<qp<q. To do this we shall show that
up+1vp+11(uv)p+1upvp1(uv)p \frac{u^{p+1}-v^{p+1}}{1-(u v)^{p+1}} \leq \frac{u^{p}-v^{p}}{1-(u v)^{p}}
which implies by induction the above inequality. It is easy to check that the latter inequality can be written as
1u2p+1up(1u)1v2p+1vp(1v) \frac{1-u^{2 p+1}}{u^{p}(1-u)} \leq \frac{1-v^{2 p+1}}{v^{p}(1-v)}
i.e.
j=1p(uj+uj)j=1p(vj+vj) \sum_{j=1}^{p}\left(u^{j}+u^{-j}\right) \leq \sum_{j=1}^{p}\left(v^{j}+v^{-j}\right)
which follows by the inequality t+1tz+1zt+\frac{1}{t} \leq z+\frac{1}{z}, where 0<zt10<z \leq t \leq 1.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.