Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it Philippines

Problem:

In how many ways can the letters of the word CHIEFC H I E F be arranged such that II appears at some position after EE?

Solution

Solution:

Start with an empty string that should have 5 letters. We first choose where to put II and EE, and there are (52)\binom{5}{2} ways of doing this. Each way has 3!3! ways to rearrange the remaining letters, so the number of ways is 10×6=6010 \times 6 = 60 ways.

Alternatively, note that the letters can be arranged without restriction in 5!5! ways. Since there are the same number of arrangements where II appears before EE as those where EE appears before II, the required number is 5!/2=605! / 2 = 60 ways.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.