Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 7.9 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Turkey

Show that
(a2+b2)(a2ab+b2)24+(b2+c2)(b2bc+c2)24+(c2+a2)(c2ca+a2)2423(a2+b2+c2)(1a+b+1b+c+1c+a) \sqrt[4]{\frac{(a^2 + b^2)(a^2 - ab + b^2)}{2}} + \sqrt[4]{\frac{(b^2 + c^2)(b^2 - bc + c^2)}{2}} + \sqrt[4]{\frac{(c^2 + a^2)(c^2 - ca + a^2)}{2}} \\ \le \frac{2}{3}(a^2 + b^2 + c^2) \left( \frac{1}{a+b} + \frac{1}{b+c} + \frac{1}{c+a} \right)
for all positive real numbers aa, bb, cc.

Solution

We have (a2+b2)(a2ab+b2)24a2+b2a+b\sqrt[4]{\frac{(a^2 + b^2)(a^2 - ab + b^2)}{2}} \le \frac{a^2 + b^2}{a+b} for all nonnegative real numbers aa, bb as this inequality is equivalent to (a+b)4(a2ab+b2)2(a2+b2)3(a+b)^4(a^2-ab+b^2) \le 2(a^2+b^2)^3 which is in turn equivalent to (ab)4(a2+ab+b2)0(a-b)^4(a^2+ab+b^2) \ge 0.

a2+b2a+b+b2+c2b+c+c2+a2c+a23(a2+b2+c2)(1a+b+1b+c+1c+a) \frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b} + \frac{b^2+c^2}{b+c} + \frac{c^2+a^2}{c+a} \le \frac{2}{3}(a^2+b^2+c^2) \left( \frac{1}{a+b} + \frac{1}{b+c} + \frac{1}{c+a} \right)
Without loss of generality we may assume that abca \ge b \ge c. Then we also have a2+b2a2+c2b2+c2a^2 + b^2 \ge a^2 + c^2 \ge b^2 + c^2 and 1a+b1a+c1b+c\frac{1}{a+b} \le \frac{1}{a+c} \le \frac{1}{b+c}. The result follows by the Rearrangement Inequality.

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