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Algebra Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it Mongolia

Let xx, yy, zz be positive real numbers satisfying x+y+z+xyz=4x + y + z + xyz = 4. Show that
x2y+3z+y2z+3x+z2x+3y15(x+y+z). \frac{x}{\sqrt{2y+3z}} + \frac{y}{\sqrt{2z+3x}} + \frac{z}{\sqrt{2x+3y}} \ge \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}(x+y+z).

Solution

First note that the function xx12x \mapsto x^{-\frac{1}{2}} is convex on (0,)(0, \infty). Thus by Jensen's inequality, we have
xx+y+z(2y+3z)12+yx+y+z(2z+3x)12+zx+y+z(2x+3y)12(x(2y+3z)+y(2z+3x)+z(2x+3y)x+y+z)12=15x+y+zxy+yz+zx \begin{aligned} & \frac{x}{x+y+z} (2y+3z)^{-\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{y}{x+y+z} (2z+3x)^{-\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{z}{x+y+z} (2x+3y)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \\ \ge & \left( \frac{x(2y+3z) + y(2z+3x) + z(2x+3y)}{x+y+z} \right)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \\ = & \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{x+y+z}{xy+yz+zx}} \end{aligned}
Hence it suffices to show that
x+y+zxy+yz+zx.(1) x+y+z \ge xy+yz+zx. \tag{1}
Without loss of generality, we may assume that xyzx \le y \le z. Then from the condition x+y+z+xyz=4x+y+z+xyz=4, we see that x1zx \le 1 \le z. Thus (z1)(1x)=x+z1zx0(z-1)(1-x) = x+z-1-zx \ge 0. It follows that
(1+zx)(x+y+zzx)=(x+y+z+xyz)+zx(x+z1zx)4.(2) (1+zx)(x+y+z-zx) = (x+y+z+xyz) + zx(x+z-1-zx) \ge 4. \tag{2}
On the other hand, by the AM-GM inequality, we have
4(4(x+z))(x+z)=(y+xyz)(x+z)=(1+zx)(xy+yz).(3) 4 \ge (4-(x+z))(x+z) = (y+xyz)(x+z) = (1+zx)(xy+yz). \tag{3}
Combining (2) and (3), we get (1), since 1+zx>01+zx > 0.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.