Rewrite the equation as a quadratic in x2
−1008=x4+y4+z4−2x2y2−2y2z2−2z2x2=x4−2(y2+z2)x2+(y2−z2)2.
The discriminant is equal to (y2+z2)2−(y2−z2)2=4y2z2=(2yz)2, hence the roots x2 of the right hand side are y2+z2±2yz=(y±z)2. Therefore, the right hand side above factorises as
(x2−(y+z)2)(x2−(y−z)2)=(x+(y+z))(x−(y+z))(x+(y−z))(x−(y−z))=(x+y+z)(x−y−z)(x+y−z)(x−y+z).
This implies 1008=(x+y+z)(−x+y+z)(x+y−z)(x−y+z)=t⋅u⋅v⋅w, where we abbreviate t=x+y+z, u=−x+y+z, v=x−y+z and w=x+y−z. We now have t=u+v+w and t⋅u⋅v⋅w=24⋅32⋅7 and obtain v+w=2x, w+u=2y and u+v=2z, which implies that u,v,w,t all have the same parity. As 1008 is even, these four numbers must be even, i.e. there are integers t′,u′,v′,w′ so that t=2t′,u=2u′,v=2v′,w=2w′. From above these must satisfy
t′=u′+v′+w′andt′⋅u′⋅v′⋅w′=63=32⋅7.
Therefore, t′ must be one of 1,3,7,9,21,63. But t′ cannot be 1 or 3, because in this case one of u′,v′,w′ would be divisible by 7 which gives a sum larger than t′. On the other hand, t′ cannot be equal to 63 or 21 as in this case the sum of the remaining three factors would be at most 5. So, we have to check only two cases: t′=7 and t′=9.
If t′=7 we have u′⋅v′⋅w′=9 and these three factors are either 1,1,9 or 1,3,3. Forming their sum we see that (t′,u′,v′,w′)=(7,1,3,3) or any permutation of the last three entries.
If t′=9 we have u′⋅v′⋅w′=7 and we obtain (t′,u′,v′,w′)=(9,1,1,7) or any permutation of the last three entries.
From above we obtain x=v′+w′, y=w′+u′ and z=u′+v′. This leads to the following six solution triples (x,y,z):
(8, 8, 2)
(8, 2, 8)
(2, 8, 8)
(6, 4, 4)
(4, 6, 4)
(4, 4, 6)