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Geometry Difficulty 4.4 AIME Find the answer China

Let n={abc}n = \overline{\{abc\}} be a 3-digit number. If we can construct an isosceles triangle (including equilateral triangle) with aa, bb and cc as the lengths of the sides. The number of such 3-digit integers nn is:

Pick one

Solution

If aa, bb and cc are the lengths of the sides of a triangle, all of them are not zero, it follows that a,b,c{1,2,,9}a, b, c \in \{1, 2, \dots, 9\}.

i. If the triangle we construct is equilateral, let n1n_1 be the number of such 3-digit numbers. Since the three digits in such 3-digit number are equal, we have
n1=C91=9. n_1 = C_9^1 = 9.

ii. If the triangle we construct is isosceles but not equilateral, let n2n_2 be the number of such 3-digit numbers. Since there are only 2 different digits in such a 3-digit number, denote them by aa and bb. Note that the equal sides and the base of an isosceles triangle can be replaced by each other, thus the number of such pairs (a,b)(a, b) is 2C322C_3^2. But if the bigger number, say aa, is the length of the base, then aa must satisfy the condition b<a<2bb < a < 2b. All pairs that do not satisfy this condition we list in the following table. There are 20 pairs.

a987654321
b4, 3,<br>2, 14, 3,<br>2, 13, 2,<br>13, 2,<br>12, 12, 111

On the other hand, there are C32C_3^2 possible 3-digit numbers with digits taken from a given pair (a,b)(a, b). Thus
n2=C32(2C3220)=6(C3210)=156. n_2 = C_3^2(2C_3^2 - 20) = 6(C_3^2 - 10) = 156.
Consequently, n=n1+n2=165n = n_1 + n_2 = 165. Answer: C.

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