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Belarusian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it Belarus

Two parallel chords ABAB and CDCD are constructed on the hyperbola y=1/xy = 1/x. The lines ACAC and BDBD meet ordinate axis OyOy at points A1A_1 and D1D_1 respectively, and meet abscissae axis OxOx at points C1C_1 and B1B_1 respectively.
Prove that the areas of the triangles A1OC1A_1OC_1 and D1OB1D_1OB_1 are equal.

Solution

Let A1(0;a1)A_1(0; a_1), B1(b1;0)B_1(b_1; 0), C1(c1;0)C_1(c_1; 0), D1(0;d1)D_1(0; d_1), A(a;1/a)A(a; 1/a), B(b;1/b)B(b; 1/b), C(c;1/c)C(c; 1/c), D(d;1/d)D(d; 1/d) be the marked points. Since any vertical and any horizontal line meets the hyperbola y=1/xy = 1/x at most at one point we see that the numbers aa, bb, cc, dd are pairwise distinct.

Figure 1

The equation of the line ABAB has the form y−1a=k1(x−a)y - \frac{1}{a} = k_1(x - a). Since point BB belongs to the line ABAB its coordinates must satisfy the line equation, i.e. 1b−1a=k1(b−a)\frac{1}{b} - \frac{1}{a} = k_1(b - a), so k1=−1abk_1 = -\frac{1}{ab}.
Similarly, for the line CDCD we have y−1c=k2(x−c)y - \frac{1}{c} = k_2(x - c), and so
k2=−1cd. Since AB∥CD we have k1=k2, so k_2 = -\frac{1}{cd}. \text{ Since } AB \parallel CD \text{ we have } k_1 = k_2, \text{ so}
ab=cd  ⟹  ac=bd.(1) ab = cd \implies \frac{a}{c} = \frac{b}{d}. \qquad (1)

The equation of the line ACAC has the form y−1a=k(x−a)y - \frac{1}{a} = k(x - a). Setting x=0x = 0 in this equation, we find the ordinate of A1A_1: a1=1a−kaa_1 = \frac{1}{a} - ka, and setting y=0y = 0 in the equation we find the abscissa of C1C_1: c1=a−1kac_1 = a - \frac{1}{ka}. Since point CC belongs to the line ACAC its coordinates must satisfy the line equation, i.e. 1c−1a=k(c−a)\frac{1}{c} - \frac{1}{a} = k(c-a), so k=−1ack = -\frac{1}{ac}. Therefore a1=1a+1ca_1 = \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{c} and c1=a+cc_1 = a + c.
Similarly, from the equation of the line BDBD we find d1=1b+1dd_1 = \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{d} and b1=b+db_1 = b + d.
Therefore,
S(A1OC1)=12∣a1c1∣=12⋅(a+c)2∣ac∣=12⋅(a/c+1)2∣a/c∣, S(A_1 OC_1) = \frac{1}{2} |a_1 c_1| = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{(a+c)^2}{|ac|} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{(a/c+1)^2}{|a/c|},
S(D1OB1)=12∣b1d1∣=12⋅(b+d)2∣bd∣=12⋅(b/d+1)2∣b/d∣. S(D_1 OB_1) = \frac{1}{2} |b_1 d_1| = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{(b+d)^2}{|bd|} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{(b/d+1)^2}{|b/d|}.
Now from (1) it follows that S(A1OC1)=S(D1OB1)S(A_1 OC_1) = S(D_1 OB_1).

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