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, 2024

Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National olympiad Prove it Saudi Arabia

Let ABCABC be an acute, non isosceles triangle with circumcircle (O)(O) and circumradius RR. Denote MM, NN, PP as midpoints of segments BCBC, CACA, ABAB respectively. Let (ω)(\omega) be the circle passes through AA, OO and tangent to OMOM. Circle (ω)(\omega) meets ABAB, ACAC at EE, FF. Denote II as midpoint of segment EFEF and KK as the intersection of EFEF, NPNP. Prove that R=2IKR = 2IK and IMOIMO is an isosceles triangle.

Solution

Let circle (ω)(\omega) cuts (O)(O) again at DD and denote O1O_1 as center of (ω)(\omega). Since ADAD is the radical axis of (ω)(\omega), (O)(O) then OO1ADOO_1 \perp AD. But OO1OMOO_1 \perp OM since OMOM is tangent to (ω)(\omega) leads to ADOMAD \parallel OM and then ADBCAD \perp BC.

This means that ADAD, AOAO are isogonal in EAF\angle EAF then ODEFOD \parallel EF, which implies that EFODEFOD is an isosceles trapezoid. Note that OPAEOP \perp AE, ONAFON \perp AF and O(AEF)O \in (AEF) so by Simson line property, KK is the projection of OO on EFEF. Denote LL as midpoint of ODOD then ILODIL \perp OD so OKILOKIL is a rectangle. Thus
IK=OL=12OD=R2. IK = OL = \frac{1}{2}OD = \frac{R}{2}.

Now consider the spiral similarity namely Ω\Omega of center DD, maps EBE \to B and FCF \to C then EFBCEF \to BC and
Ω:DEFDBC. \Omega : \triangle DEF \to \triangle DBC.
Since O1O_1, OO are centers of (DEF)(DEF), (DBC)(DBC) so Ω:O1O\Omega : O_1 \to O. Thus two triangles DO1ODO_1O and DIMDIM are similar, but O1O=O1DO_1O = O_1D then ID=IMID = IM. By the isosceles trapezoid, one can check that ID=IOID = IO also, which implies that IM=IOIM = IO then IMOIMO is an isosceles triangle.

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