Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /524 of 1394

, 2022

Algebra Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Let P(x)=x4+ax3+bx2+xP(x) = x^{4} + a x^{3} + b x^{2} + x be a polynomial with four distinct roots that lie on a circle in the complex plane. Prove that ab9a b \neq 9.

Solution

Solution:

If either a=0a = 0 the problem statement is clearly true. Thus, assume that a0a \neq 0. Let the roots be 0,z1,z2,z30, z_{1}, z_{2}, z_{3}, and let the circle through these points be CC. Note that we have
3z1+z2+z3=3a1z1+1z2+1z33=b3 \begin{aligned} & \frac{3}{z_{1} + z_{2} + z_{3}} = -\frac{3}{a} \\ & \frac{\frac{1}{z_{1}} + \frac{1}{z_{2}} + \frac{1}{z_{3}}}{3} = -\frac{b}{3} \end{aligned}
Note that the map z1zz \rightarrow \frac{1}{z} maps CC to some line LL. Thus, the second equation represents the average of three points on LL, which must be a point on LL, while the second equation represents the reciprocal of the centroid of z1,z2,z3z_{1}, z_{2}, z_{3}. Since this centroid doesn't lie on CC, we must have its reciprocal doesn't lie on LL. Thus, we have
3ab3ab9 -\frac{3}{a} \neq -\frac{b}{3} \Longrightarrow a b \neq 9

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.