The original problem asks to prove that: for every m∈{1,2,…,n},
m1k=1∑mbkak≥NM, where n=107.
Let ∑k=1nak=a≥M and ∑k=1nbk=b≤N, and define
xk=aak,yk=bbk,k=1,2,…,n.
Then we have ∑k=1nxk=∑k=1nyk=1, and the sequence {xk} is decreasing, while the sequence {yk} is increasing. Therefore, the sequence {ykxk} is decreasing, and
y1x1≥1≥ynxn.
We may take k0∈{1,2,…,n} such that
y1x1≥y2x2≥⋯≥yk0xk0≥1≥yk0+1xk0+1≥⋯≥ynxn.
(1) For a positive integer m∈{1,2,…,k0}, we have
k=1∑mykxk≥k=1∑mxkyk=m;
k=1∑mbkak=k=1∑mbykaxk≥bma≥NmM,
m1k=1∑mbkak≥NM.
(2) For a positive integer m∈{k0+1,k0+2,…,n}, from
k=1∑nxk=k=1∑nyk,
we have
k=1∑k0(xk−yk)=k=k0+1∑n(yk−xk)≥k=k0+1∑m(yk−xk).
k=1∑mykxk=k=1∑k0(1+ykxk−yk)+k=k0+1∑m(1−ykyk−xk)≥m+yk0+11(k=1∑k0(xk−yk)−k=k0+1∑m(yk−xk))≥m.
k=1∑mbkak=k=1∑mbykaxk≥bma≥NmM,
m1k=1∑mbkak≥NM.