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Philippine Mathematical Olympiad, National Orals

Number theory Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it Philippines

Problem:
Let N=20192−1N = 2019^{2} - 1. How many positive factors of N2N^{2} do not divide NN?

Solution

Solution:
Note that N=23⋅5⋅101⋅1009N = 2^{3} \cdot 5 \cdot 101 \cdot 1009 and so NN has 4⋅2⋅2⋅2=324 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 32 factors. On the other hand, N2=26⋅52⋅1012⋅10092N^{2} = 2^{6} \cdot 5^{2} \cdot 101^{2} \cdot 1009^{2} and so N2N^{2} has 7⋅3⋅3⋅3=1897 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 \cdot 3 = 189 factors. Hence, 189−32=157189 - 32 = 157 of these factors of N2N^{2} do not divide NN.

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