Given 100 circles of radius 1 in a plane, such that the area of the triangle formed by any three centers is at most 100. Prove that there exists a line that intersects at least 10 of the circles.
Solution
- Let be the set formed by these centers. We first prove: there exists a line such that the projections of the points in onto fall within an interval of length .
證明:設 為 中相距最遠的兩個點,令其距離為 。
Proof: Let be the two points in that are farthest apart, and let their distance be .
* Take any point in different from ; since , the distance from to line is at most .
* Hence, if is perpendicular to line at , then the projection of any point in onto will fall within an interval centered at with length .
* Also, since the maximum distance between two points in is , the projections of the points in onto must fall within an interval of length , so this interval has length at most . Q.E.D.!
- Note that the projections of these circles onto are all intervals of length 2, and these intervals are all contained within an interval of length at most . Let this interval be . Let be the projection of the -th circle onto .
- Now note that the total length of all the is , and they all fall within . This means there must exist at least one point in that belongs to at least of the simultaneously (otherwise, by the averaging principle, a contradiction would result.)
- Therefore, taking the line perpendicular to passing through the point suffices. Q.E.D.
Substituting , we get at least , so it intersects at least 10 circles.