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Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National olympiad Prove it South Korea

Let II be the incenter of a triangle ABCABC whose incircle is tangent to the sides BCBC, ACAC, ABAB at DD, EE, FF, respectively. Suppose the circumcircle of the triangle ABCABC intersects the line EFEF at PP and QQ. If O1O_1 and O2O_2 are the circumcenters of the triangles IABIAB and IACIAC, respectively, show that the circumcenter of the triangle DPQDPQ lies on the line O1O2O_1O_2.

Solution

Let MM be the midpoint of the side BCBC. First, we want to show that MM is on the circumcircle of the triangle DPQDPQ. For the intersection point XX of PQPQ and BCBC, Menelaus theorem guarantees
BXXC=CEEA=AFFB=1. \frac{BX}{XC} = \frac{CE}{EA} = \frac{AF}{FB} = 1.
Since AF=AEAF = AE, BD=BFBD = BF, CD=CECD = CE and BXCD=XCBDBX \cdot CD = XC \cdot BD, from which we get 2XBXC=(XB+XC)XD2XB \cdot XC = (XB + XC) \cdot XD by replacing BDBD and CDCD with XDXBXD - XB and XCXDXC - XD, respectively. It follows that XBXC=XMXDXB \cdot XC = XM \cdot XD, as XB+XC2=XM\frac{XB+XC}{2} = XM. Hence the point MM lies on the circumcircle of the triangle DPQDPQ.

Let OO' be the midpoint of the line segment O1O2O_1O_2. It suffices to show that OO' is the circumcenter of the triangle DPQDPQ. first, we will consider the case where ABACAB \neq AC. In this case, we will prove it by showing that OO' is on both the perpendicular bisector of PQPQ and the perpendicular bisector of DMDM. In fact, since AIAI is perpendicular to both PQPQ and O1O2O_1O_2, PQPQ and O1O2O_1O_2 are parallel to each other. It follows that OO' is on the perpendicular bisector of PQPQ. Let IA,IBI_A, I_B and ICI_C be the centers of excircles each of which is tangent to BCBC, ACAC and ABAB, respectively. It is easy to see that the circumcircle of the triangle ABCABC is the same as the nine point circle of the triangle IAIBICI_A I_B I_C. Thus, if we let O3O_3 be the circumcenter of the triangle IBCIBC and let SS be the intersection point of OO3OO_3 and IBICI_B I_C, the point SS is the midpoint of the line segment IBICI_B I_C. Note that the dilatation with center II and ratio 2 sends the triangle O1O2O3O_1O_2O_3 to the triangle ICIBIAI_C I_B I_A, which implies that OO' is the midpoint of the line segment ISIS. Therefore we can conclude that OO' is on the perpendicular bisector of DMDM, as both IDID and SMSM are perpendicular to BCBC.

Next, we will consider the case where AB=ACAB = AC. Note that OO' is the midpoint of AIAI in this case. Since AEI=90=AFI\angle AEI = 90^\circ = \angle AFI, the points A,F,I,EA, F, I, E are on the circle with the center OO'. Let RR be the radius of this circle. Then OD2R2=DIDA=DA2AIDAO'D^2 - R^2 = DI \cdot DA = DA^2 - AI \cdot DA holds. The points B,D,I,FB, D, I, F being concyclic, we can see AIDA=AFABAI \cdot DA = AF \cdot AB. Since DA2=AB2BD2DA^2 = AB^2 - BD^2,
OD2R2=(AB2BD2)AFAB=AB2BF2AFAB=BFAF. O'D^2 - R^2 = (AB^2 - BD^2) - AF \cdot AB = AB^2 - BF^2 - AF \cdot AB = BF \cdot AF.
Similarly, we can get OP2R2=PEPFO'P^2 - R^2 = PE \cdot PF. But BFAF=QFPF=PEPFBF \cdot AF = QF \cdot PF = PE \cdot PF, so
OD2R2=OP2R2. O'D^2 - R^2 = O'P^2 - R^2.
It easily follows that OD=OPO'D = O'P. In a similar manner, we can show OD=OQO'D = O'Q. Since OP=OD=OQO'P = O'D = O'Q, OO' is the circumcenter of the triangle DPQDPQ.

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