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Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Taiwan

Let the incenter of triangle ABCABC be II, and let the orthocenter be HH. There is a point KK in the plane satisfying
AH+AK=BH+BK=CH+CK. AH + AK = BH + BK = CH + CK.
Prove that the three points HH, II, KK are collinear.

Solution

Let Ω\Omega denote the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC. Recall that the reflection of HH across BC\overline{BC}, which we denote by XX, is a point of Ω\Omega. Define Y,ZY, Z similarly. Thus the circumcircle ωA\omega_A of HYZ\triangle HYZ is centered at AA. Define ωB,ωC\omega_B, \omega_C similarly.

Then, if we let
r=AH+AK=BH+BK=CH+CK. r = AH + AK = BH + BK = CH + CK.
then it follows KK has the following description: it is the center of the (unique) circle tangent externally to all three of ωA,ωB,ωC\omega_A, \omega_B, \omega_C, and has radius rr.

Figure 1

Proof. First, note that quadrilateral PYDBPYDB is cyclic, since
DPY=HZY=CZY=CBY=DBY. \angle DPY = \angle HZY = \angle CZY = \angle CBY = \angle DBY.
In particular HBHY=HPHDHB \cdot HY = HP \cdot HD, and repeating this gives
HAHX=HBHY=HCHZ=HDHP=HEHQ=HFHR.(1) HA \cdot HX = HB \cdot HY = HC \cdot HZ = HD \cdot HP = HE \cdot HQ = HF \cdot HR. \quad (1)

In particular PEDB and EFQR are cyclic too by Eq. (1). Now if \ell is the tangent line to ωA\omega_A at PP, then working with directed angles modulo 180180^\circ gives
(,PQ)=(,PH)+(PD,PQ)=(PY,BY)+(DE,EQ)=(PD,DB)+(DE,EQ)=(PH,EQ)+(DE,DB)=(PD,EQ)+(FE,DF)=(PD,DF)+(FE,EQ)=(PR,RH)+(RF,FQ)=(PR,RQ). \begin{align*} \angle(\ell, PQ) &= \angle(\ell, PH) + \angle(PD, PQ) = \angle(PY, BY) + \angle(DE, EQ) \\ &= \angle(PD, DB) + \angle(DE, EQ) = \angle(PH, EQ) + \angle(DE, DB) \\ &= \angle(PD, EQ) + \angle(FE, DF) = \angle(PD, DF) + \angle(FE, EQ) \\ &= \angle(PR, RH) + \angle(RF, FQ) = \angle(PR, RQ). \end{align*}

Finally, if we define PP', QQ', RR' as the second intersection of HP\overline{HP}, HQ\overline{HQ}, HR\overline{HR} with the incircle, then it follows from Eq. (1) and
HDHP=HEHQ=HFHR HD \cdot HP' = HE \cdot HQ' = HF \cdot HR'
that PQR\triangle P'Q'R' is homothetic to PQR\triangle PQR through HH. As II is the circumcenter of PQR\triangle P'Q'R' this implies K,I,HK, I, H are collinear.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.