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Geometry Difficulty 6.9 National olympiad Prove it Ukraine

Let FF, FAF_A, FBF_B and FCF_C be the Feuerbach points of non-equilateral triangle ABCABC, and point II be its incenter. Prove that lines AFAAF_A, BFBBF_B, CFCCF_C and IFIF pass through one point. Feuerbach points are the tangent points of the nine-point circle with incircle (touches internally) and three excircles (touch externally) of the triangle: FF — tangent point to incircle, FAF_A — tangent point to excircle that touches BCBC, FBF_B — tangent point to excircle that touches ACAC, FCF_C — tangent point to excircle that touches ABAB.

The nine-point circle is the circle that passes through the midpoint of each side of the triangle.

Solution

Denote by OBO_B the center of the excircle that touches ACAC, and by EE the center of the nine-point circle (fig. 23). Points EE, II and FF, as well as the points EE, FBF_B and OBO_B lie on the same line since FF and FBF_B are the tangent points of the circles with the corresponding centers. Besides, EIE \neq I, since otherwise the circles either would not have any common points or would coincide. Taking this into account, if the point EE lies on the line IOBIO_B, i.e. on a bisector of the angle BB, then the points FF and FBF_B lie on this line as well. Then the lines IFIF and BFBBF_B both coincide with the bisector.

Now, suppose EE lies outside the line IOBIO_B. Point FBF_B is on the side EOBEO_B of triangle EIOBEIO_B since the circles touch externally. In contrast, BB lies on the continuation of the side OBIO_B I of this triangle. Hence, the line BFBBF_B intersects the line EI=IFEI = IF at some point XBX_B, moreover, XBX_B is the inner point of segment EIEI. Now we can apply Menelaus's theorem to the triangle EIOBEIO_B and line passing through the points BB, XBX_B and FBF_B:

Figure 1
Fig. 23

EXBXBIIBBOBOBFBFBE=1. \frac{EX_B}{X_B I} \cdot \frac{IB}{B O_B} \cdot \frac{O_B F_B}{F_B E} = 1.

Denote by rr the radius of the incircle of triangle ABCABC, by rBr_B the radius of its excircle that touches side ACAC, and by R9R_9 the radius of the nine-point circle. If we drop the perpendiculars-radiuses IIII' and OBOBO_B O'_B from the points II and OBO_B to the line ABAB, it will form similar right triangles BIIBII' and BOBOBBO_B O'_B with the similarity coefficient BOBBI=OBOBII=rBr\frac{BO_B}{BI} = \frac{O_B O'_B}{II'} = \frac{r_B}{r}. It means that

EXBXBI=BOBIBFBEOBFB=rBrR9rB=R9r. \frac{EX_B}{X_B I} = \frac{B O_B}{I B} \cdot \frac{F_B E}{O_B F_B} = \frac{r_B}{r} \cdot \frac{R_9}{r_B} = \frac{R_9}{r}.

Thus, line BFBBF_B passes through the unique point XX from the segment EIEI which satisfies EXXI=R9r\frac{EX}{XI} = \frac{R_9}{r}. The same is also true in the case when EE lies on the line IOBIO_B, because, as shown above, in this case all points of the segment EIEI belong to the line BFBBF_B.

By similar reasoning it follows that the lines AFAAF_A and CFCCF_C pass through the same point XEIX \in EI, which satisfies EXXI=R9r\frac{EX}{XI} = \frac{R_9}{r}. To finish the proof, it remains to mention that point XX, as well as the whole segment EIEI, also belongs to the line IFIF.

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