Albert, Ben and Carla are looking at the dust in the air, and Ben says that if there are dust grains in a box, then no matter how they are situated, he can choose a point such that there are at least dust grains in a distance of at most cm from the point, but Albert does not believe him. Carla says that no matter how the dust grains are situated, she can choose a point such that there are at least dust grains in a distance of at most cm and at least cm from the point, but Ben does not believe her. Determine who is right, Albert, Ben or Carla.
Solution
Carla is right. Take each dust grain and colour all points in a distance of at most cm and at least cm from the grain. Then we have coloured a volume of counted with multiplicity. All the coloured points are contained in a box of volume . Hence there is a point that is coloured at least times, and then there are at least points in a distance of at most cm and at least cm from this point.
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