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Algebra Difficulty 7.0 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Hong Kong

Let aa, bb, cc be positive real numbers. Prove that
(a+b)2+(a+b+4c)2100abca+b+c. (a+b)^2 + (a+b+4c)^2 \ge \frac{100abc}{a+b+c}.

Solution

By the AM-GM inequality, we have
(a+b+4c)2(2(a+b)(4c))2=16(a+b)c (a + b + 4c)^2 \geq (2\sqrt{(a+b)(4c)})^2 = 16(a+b)c
and
100abca+b+c100ca+b+c(a+b2)2=25(a+b)2ca+b+c. \frac{100abc}{a+b+c} \leq \frac{100c}{a+b+c} \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{25(a+b)^2c}{a+b+c}.
Therefore, it suffices to prove
d2+16cd25cd2c+d d^2 + 16cd \geq \frac{25cd^2}{c+d}
where d=a+bd = a + b. Indeed,
d2+16cd25cd2c+dd(16c+d)(c+d)25cd2d(16c28cd+d2)0d(4cd)20. \begin{align*} d^2 + 16cd &\ge \frac{25cd^2}{c+d} \\ \Leftrightarrow \quad d(16c+d)(c+d) &\ge 25cd^2 \\ \Leftrightarrow \quad d(16c^2 - 8cd + d^2) &\ge 0 \\ \Leftrightarrow \quad d(4c-d)^2 &\ge 0. \end{align*}
This is obviously true. Equality holds when a=b=2ca = b = 2c.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.