Find the natural numbers so that
where represents the sum of the digits of the positive integer .
Solution
If , because is divisible by 9, but and , from (1) follows that and , false. Similarly, if , we obtain that is divisible by 3 and not by 9, false. Therefore , and . (2)
If , then , whence , false. Consequently, we have . From (2) we deduce that , therefore , with . Studying all the situations, we find that the only solution is .
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