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Geometry Difficulty 8.5 Shortlist Prove it IMO

Let ABCABC be a triangle inscribed into a circle Ω\Omega with center OO. A circle Γ\Gamma with center AA meets the side BCBC at points DD and EE such that DD lies between BB and EE. Moreover, let FF and GG be the common points of Γ\Gamma and Ω\Omega. We assume that FF lies on the arc ABAB of Ω\Omega not containing CC, and GG lies on the arc ACAC of Ω\Omega not containing BB. The circumcircles of the triangles BDFBDF and CEGCEG meet the sides ABAB and ACAC again at KK and LL, respectively. Suppose that the lines FKFK and GLGL are distinct and intersect at XX. Prove that the points AA, XX, and OO are collinear.

Figure 1
Figure 1

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

It suffices to prove that the lines FKFK and GLGL are symmetric about AOAO. Now the segments AFAF and AGAG, being chords of Ω\Omega with the same length, are clearly symmetric with respect to AOAO. Hence it is enough to show
∠KFA=∠AGL. \begin{equation*} \angle KFA = \angle AGL . \tag{1} \end{equation*}
Let us denote the circumcircles of BDFBDF and CEGCEG by ωB\omega_B and ωC\omega_C, respectively. To prove (1), we start from
∠KFA=∠DFG+∠GFA−∠DFK. \angle KFA = \angle DFG + \angle GFA - \angle DFK .
In view of the circles ωB\omega_B, Γ\Gamma, and Ω\Omega, this may be rewritten as
∠KFA=∠CEG+∠GBA−∠DBK=∠CEG−∠CBG. \angle KFA = \angle CEG + \angle GBA - \angle DBK = \angle CEG - \angle CBG .
Due to the circles ωC\omega_C and Ω\Omega, we obtain ∠KFA=∠CLG−∠CAG=∠AGL\angle KFA = \angle CLG - \angle CAG = \angle AGL. Thereby the problem is solved.

Solution 2

Again, we denote the circumcircle of BDKFBDKF by ωB\omega_B. In addition, we set α=∠BAC\alpha= \angle BAC, φ=∠ABF\varphi=\angle ABF, and ψ=∠EDA=∠AED\psi=\angle EDA=\angle AED (see Figure 2). Notice that AF=AGAF=AG entails φ=∠GCA\varphi=\angle GCA, so all three of α,φ\alpha, \varphi, and ψ\psi respect the "symmetry" between BB and CC of our configuration. Again, we reduce our task to proving (1).
This time, we start from
2∠KFA=2(∠DFA−∠DFK). 2 \angle KFA = 2(\angle DFA - \angle DFK) .
Since the triangle AFDAFD is isosceles, we have
∠DFA=∠ADF=∠EDF−ψ=∠BFD+∠EBF−ψ. \angle DFA = \angle ADF = \angle EDF - \psi = \angle BFD + \angle EBF - \psi .
Moreover, because of the circle ωB\omega_B we have ∠DFK=∠CBA\angle DFK = \angle CBA. Altogether, this yields
2∠KFA=∠DFA+(∠BFD+∠EBF−ψ)−2∠CBA, 2 \angle KFA = \angle DFA + (\angle BFD + \angle EBF - \psi) - 2 \angle CBA,
which simplifies to
2∠KFA=∠BFA+φ−ψ−∠CBA. 2 \angle KFA = \angle BFA + \varphi - \psi - \angle CBA .
Now the quadrilateral AFBCAFBC is cyclic, so this entails 2∠KFA=α+φ−ψ2 \angle KFA = \alpha + \varphi - \psi.
Due to the "symmetry" between BB and CC alluded to above, this argument also shows that 2∠AGL=α+φ−ψ2 \angle AGL = \alpha + \varphi - \psi. This concludes the proof of (1).

Figure 2
Figure 2

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