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Geometry Difficulty 7.4 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Saudi Arabia

Let ABCABC be a non-isosceles triangle with circumcircle (O)(O) and incircle (I)(I). Denote (O1)(O_{1}) as the circle that is internally tangent to (O)(O) at A1A_{1} and also tangent to segments ABAB, ACAC at AbA_{b}, AcA_{c} respectively. Define the circles (O2)(O_{2}), (O3)(O_{3}) and the points B1B_{1}, C1C_{1}, BcB_{c}, BaB_{a}, CaC_{a}, CbC_{b} similarly.
1. Prove that AA1AA_{1}, BB1BB_{1}, CC1CC_{1} are concurrent at the point MM and the three points II, MM, OO are collinear.
2. Prove that the circle (I)(I) is inscribed in the hexagon with 6 vertices AbA_{b}, AcA_{c}, BcB_{c}, BaB_{a}, CaC_{a}, CbC_{b}.

Solution

1) We use inversion to solve this problem.
Figure 1
Suppose that AIAI, A1IA_{1}I intersect (O)(O) at A0A_{0}, A1A_{1}. Because AIAI is the bisector then A0A_{0} is the midpoint of the minor arcBC\operatorname{arc} BC. Based on the property of the Mixtilinear circle, we also have A1A_{1} as the midpoint of the major arc BCBC.
Consider the inversion of center II and ratio equal to the power of II to (O)(O) as the function ff.
We have f(A)=A0f(A) = A_{0}, f(A1)=A2f(A_{1}) = A_{2} then f(AA1)=(IA0A2)f(AA_{1}) = (IA_{0}A_{2}). Define B0B_{0}, B2B_{2}, C0C_{0}, C2C_{2} similarly then f(BB1)=(IB0B2)f(BB_{1}) = (IB_{0}B_{2}), f(CC1)=(IC0C2)f(CC_{1}) = (IC_{0}C_{2}).
It is easy to see that three circles (IA0A2)(IA_{0}A_{2}), (IB0B2)(IB_{0}B_{2}) and (IC0C2)(IC_{0}C_{2}) share the common point II. On the other hand, the power of OO to the three circles is also equal to R2-R^{2} where RR is the radius of the circumcircle.
Hence, the three circles have two common points and one of them is II which is the center of inversion. Then AA1AA_{1}, BB1BB_{1}, CC1CC_{1} are concurrent at a point MM and MM, II, OO are collinear.

2) From the property of the Mixtilinear circle, we have BaBcB_{a}B_{c} and CaCbC_{a}C_{b} have the common midpoint II then BaCaBcCbB_{a}C_{a}B_{c}C_{b} is a parallelogram, which implies that BaCaB_{a}C_{a} is parallel to BCBC and the distance from II to BaCaB_{a}C_{a} and BCBC are the same. Hence BaCaB_{a}C_{a} is tangent to (I)(I). Similarly, we also have AbCbA_{b}C_{b} and BcAcB_{c}A_{c} are also tangent to (I)(I).
Figure 2
It is easy to see that CbBcC_{b}B_{c} coincides with BCBC then it is tangent to (I)(I). Similarly, we also have CaAcC_{a}A_{c} and AbBaA_{b}B_{a} are tangent to (I)(I).
Hence, the 6 sides of the hexagon CbBcAcCaBaAbC_{b}B_{c}A_{c}C_{a}B_{a}A_{b} are tangent to the circle (I)(I), which finishes the solution.

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