Olympiad Maths Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Prove it Czech Republic

Let ABCDABCD be a parallelogram such that the projections KK, LL of DD onto the sides ABAB, BCBC, respectively, are their interior points. Prove that KLACKL \parallel AC if and only if
BCA+ABD=BDA+ACD. \angle BCA + \angle ABD = \angle BDA + \angle ACD.

Solution

Alternate angles ABDABD and CDBCDB are equal (Fig. 2), hence BCA+ABD+BDA+ACD=180\angle BCA + \angle ABD + \angle BDA + \angle ACD = 180^\circ. The equality BCA+ABD=BDA+ACD\angle BCA + \angle ABD = \angle BDA + \angle ACD thus holds if and only if
BCA+ABD=90. \angle BCA + \angle ABD = 90^\circ.
(1)
Figure 1
Fig. 2
Points KK and LL lie on a circle with diameter BDBD. Hence the inscribed angles BDKBDK and BLKBLK are equal and (due to equal alternate angles ABDABD and CDBCDB)
BLK+ABD=BDK+CDB=90. \angle BLK + \angle ABD = \angle BDK + \angle CDB = 90^\circ.
Lines KLKL and ACAC are parallel if and only if BLK=BCA\angle BLK = \angle BCA which is by the last equality equivalent to (1). The equivalence is thus proven.

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