Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2007

Algebra Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it JBMO

Problem:

The real numbers xx, yy, zz, mm, nn are positive, such that m+n2m+n \geq 2. Prove that
xyz(x+my)(x+nz)+yxz(y+mx)(y+nz)+zxy(z+mx)(z+ny)3(m+n)8(x+y)(y+z)(z+x) \begin{gathered} x \sqrt{y z(x+m y)(x+n z)}+y \sqrt{x z(y+m x)(y+n z)}+z \sqrt{x y(z+m x)(z+n y)} \\ \leq \frac{3(m+n)}{8}(x+y)(y+z)(z+x) \end{gathered}

Solution

Solution:

Using the AM-GM inequality we have
yz(x+my)(x+nz)=(xz+myz)(xy+nyz)xy+xz+(m+n)yz2xz(y+mx)(y+nz)=(yz+mxz)(xy+nxz)xy+yz+(m+n)xz2xy(z+mx)(z+ny)=(yz+mxy)(xz+nxy)xz+yz+(m+n)xy2 \begin{aligned} & \sqrt{y z(x+m y)(x+n z)}=\sqrt{(x z+m y z)(x y+n y z)} \leq \frac{x y+x z+(m+n) y z}{2} \\ & \sqrt{x z(y+m x)(y+n z)}=\sqrt{(y z+m x z)(x y+n x z)} \leq \frac{x y+y z+(m+n) x z}{2} \\ & \sqrt{x y(z+m x)(z+n y)}=\sqrt{(y z+m x y)(x z+n x y)} \leq \frac{x z+y z+(m+n) x y}{2} \end{aligned}
Thus it is enough to prove that
x[xy+xz+(m+n)yz]+y[xy+yz+(m+n)xz]+z[xy+yz+(m+n)xz]3(m+n)4(x+y)(y+z)(z+x), \begin{aligned} x[x y+x z+(m+n) y z] & +y[x y+y z+(m+n) x z]+z[x y+y z+(m+n) x z] \\ \leq & \frac{3(m+n)}{4}(x+y)(y+z)(z+x), \end{aligned}
or
4[A+3(m+n)B]3(m+n)(A+2B)6(m+n)B[3(m+n)4]A 4[A+3(m+n) B] \leq 3(m+n)(A+2 B) \Leftrightarrow 6(m+n) B \leq[3(m+n)-4] A
where A=x2y+x2z+xy2+y2z+xz2+yz2A=x^{2} y+x^{2} z+x y^{2}+y^{2} z+x z^{2}+y z^{2}, B=xyzB=x y z.
Because m+n2m+n \geq 2 we obtain the inequality m+n3(m+n)4m+n \leq 3(m+n)-4. From AM-GM inequality it follows that 6BA6 B \leq A. From the last two inequalities we deduce that 6(m+n)B[3(m+n)4]A6(m+n) B \leq[3(m+n)-4] A. The inequality is proved.

Equality holds when m=n=1m=n=1 and x=y=zx=y=z.

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