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Mediterranean Mathematical Olympiad

Algebra Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it Spain

Let x,y,zx, y, z be positive numbers such that x2y2+y2z2+z2x2=6xyzx^2y^2 + y^2z^2 + z^2x^2 = 6xyz. Prove that
xx+yz+yy+zx+zz+xy≥3 \sqrt{\frac{x}{x + yz}} + \sqrt{\frac{y}{y + zx}} + \sqrt{\frac{z}{z + xy}} \ge \sqrt{3}

Solution

Let f:(−1,+∞)→Rf : (-1, +\infty) \rightarrow \mathbb{R} be the function defined by f(x)=11+xf(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x}}. Since f′(x)=−12(1+x)3/2<0f'(x) = -\frac{1}{2(1+x)^{3/2}} < 0 and f′′(x)=34(1+x)21+x>0f''(x) = \frac{3}{4(1+x)^2\sqrt{1+x}} > 0, then ff is convex. Applying Jensen's inequality to the function ff with a1=yzxa_1 = \frac{yz}{x}, a2=zxya_2 = \frac{zx}{y}, a3=xyza_3 = \frac{xy}{z}, we have
13∑k=13f(ak)≥f(13∑k=13ak) \frac{1}{3} \sum_{k=1}^{3} f(a_k) \ge f\left(\frac{1}{3} \sum_{k=1}^{3} a_k\right)
or
13(xx+yz+yy+zx+zz+xy)≥f(2)=33 \frac{1}{3} \left( \sqrt{\frac{x}{x + yz}} + \sqrt{\frac{y}{y + zx}} + \sqrt{\frac{z}{z + xy}} \right) \ge f(2) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}
because from x2y2+y2z2+z2x2=6xyzx^2y^2 + y^2z^2 + z^2x^2 = 6xyz immediately follows that
a1+a2+a33=13(yzx+zxy+xyz)=2 \frac{a_1 + a_2 + a_3}{3} = \frac{1}{3} \left( \frac{yz}{x} + \frac{zx}{y} + \frac{xy}{z} \right) = 2
Equality holds when x=y=z=2x = y = z = 2, and we are done. □\square

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