Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /7 of 11

Geometry Difficulty 6.0 National Olympiad Prove it New Zealand

Problem:

Triangle ABCABC is right-angled at BB and has incentre II. Points DD, EE and FF are the points where the incircle of the triangle touches the sides BCBC, ACAC and ABAB respectively. Lines CICI and EFEF intersect at point PP. Lines DPDP and ABAB intersect at point QQ. Prove that AQ=BFAQ = BF.

Solution

Solution:

First note that ID=IE=IFID = IE = IF because they are all radii of the incircle, and BFI=BDI=90\angle BFI = \angle BDI = 90^{\circ} because tangents are perpendicular to radii. Since ABC=90\angle ABC = 90^{\circ} we have BFIDBFID a square and so BD=BF=IDBD = BF = ID too. Thus EIF\triangle EIF is isosceles and so IFE=FEI\angle IFE = \angle FEI.

Figure 1

Since CICI is the bisector of DCE\angle DCE, we see that DD and EE are reflections of each other over line CIPCIP. Therefore IDP=PEI\angle IDP = \angle PEI. Hence
IDP=FEI=IFP \angle IDP = \angle FEI = \angle IFP
and therefore quadrilateral FPIDFPID is cyclic. Therefore FPD=FID=90\angle FPD = \angle FID = 90^{\circ} (BFIDBFID is a square). Since AIAI is the bisector of EAF\angle EAF, we see that EE and FF are reflections of each other over line AIAI. Therefore EFAIEF \perp AI. Hence
AIDQ AI \parallel DQ
because they are both perpendicular to EFEF. We also have AQIDAQ \parallel ID (because BFIDBFID is a square) so QAIDQAID is a parallelogram. Therefore
AQ=ID=BF AQ = ID = BF
as required.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.